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Glossary

Monomers

A monomer is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. The most common natural monomer is glucose, which is linked by glycosidic bonds into polymers such as cellulose and starch, and constitutes over 33% of the weight of all plant matter.
 

Monosaccharides

Monosaccharides are the most basic unit of carbohydrates. They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, crystalline solids. Some monosaccharides have a sweet taste. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), galactose, xylose, and ribose.
 

Organic Loading Rate

Organic Loading Rate expressed in COD g/L/day is a measure of the amount and concentration of organic matter processed by a bio-reactor.
 

Phenols

In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol (C6H5OH).
 

Polyphenols

Polyphenols are a group of chemical substances found in plants, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol unit or building block per molecule. Polyphenols are generally divided into hydrolyzable tannins (gallic acid esters of glucose and other sugars) and phenylpropanoids, such as lignins, flavonoids, and condensed tannins.
 

Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structures, formed of repeating units (either mono- or di-saccharides) joined together by glycosidic bonds.
   

Sludge

Sludge is the residual, semi-solid material left from industrial or wastewater treatment processes.
   

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